An Analysis of how to prevent RV Fires, Risks + Safety Recalls by Brand (2017-2025)
Staying Safe from Fire Risks on the Road
The allure of the open road, the freedom to explore new horizons, and the comfort of bringing a home-away-from-home along for the journey – these are the joys that Recreational Vehicle (RV) travel unlocks. RVs represent a unique blend of transportation and habitation, offering unparalleled opportunities for adventure and creating lasting memories.
However, this unique combination also means RVs are complex machines with systems that require understanding and care. Ensuring safe travels involves being aware of potential risks, and one of the most critical areas is fire safety. While RV fires are not an everyday event for most owners, understanding the potential hazards and how to mitigate them is fundamental to enjoying the RV lifestyle with confidence and peace of mind. This knowledge empowers owners to take preventative steps, protecting themselves, their families, and their investment.
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RV Fires: Understanding the Real Picture
How Common Are RV Fires?
Facing the reality of RV fires is the first step toward prevention. Data collected by the U.S. Fire Administration (USFA) and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provides insight into the frequency and impact. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated average of 8,400 RV fires in just two years from 2018-2020 which resulted in an estimated average of 30 civilian deaths, 250 civilian injuries, and over $120 million in property loss.
There have been many that were never reported that were handled via fire extinguishers or simply allowed to burn down and out due to lack of insurance while being outside of any city or state populated areas. Rest assured that numbers are only based on what has been reported. I would be interested in Insurance claims that would yield a much more useful figure for small fires that were caught in time that claims were still made on.
While many RV fires are caused by a lack of proper maintenance, safety checks and inadequate knowledge of proper RV check lists and more, these figures underscore the need for the industry to create safety codes and follow them that are as good or better than home safety codes while taking into account precautions to minimize the effects vibration on the road can cause, among other things.
Manufacturer and Dealer Websites could stand to do better with regard to providing easily accessible information pertaining to Fire and Hazard risk, recalls and updates along with PDF checklists, precautions and preventative maintenance all in one place.
WHY THERE is no data here from 2021 up to 2025.
I apologize up front if it seemed misleading, but I felt you would want to know WHY you aren’t finding or seeing current statistics.
Obtaining precise, validated annual figures for subsequent years (2021–2025) presents significant challenges. These challenges stem primarily from the inherent structure and timelines of national fire data collection systems, particularly the NFIRS, which has a reporting lag of 10-18 months and requires specialized analysis of raw data files for years not covered by published summary reports. Consequently, specific annual totals for 2021 and 2022 are not readily available without such analysis, 2023 data is likely preliminary, and data for 2024 and 2025 is currently incomplete or unavailable through these official channels and apparently from any other sources as well.
Furthermore, readily available NFPA reports, while comprehensive on overall vehicle fires, did not provide specific annual RV fire totals for the target period within the scope of this review. An unverified estimate attributing 20,000 annual RV fires to NFPA was found in secondary sources, creating a significant discrepancy with the USFA figure that underscores the need for careful source validation. Supplemental searches in news and insurance industry sources confirmed individual fire incidents but did not yield aggregated national statistics for recent years.
Given these constraints, this report presents the USFA 2018-2020 average as the most robust estimate available for that period and clearly delineates the status and limitations of data for subsequent years. Users of this information should exercise caution, acknowledge the inherent uncertainties in fire incident reporting, and consult future official publications for potentially updated figures.Where Do Fires Usually Start?
Analysis of the 2018-2020 USFA/FEMA data shows that approximately 85% of reported RV fires occurred in non-motorized – travel trailers, fifth wheels, and other towables.
Since these RVs lack engines and complex powertrains, this high percentage strongly indicates that the majority of RV fires originate from components and systems common to all types of RVs. These include:
Living Area Systems: Electrical wiring (both 12-volt DC and 120-volt AC), propane systems, and appliances like refrigerators, furnaces, water heaters, and cooktops.
Structural Components: Materials near heat sources.
Running Gear (Towables): Tires, brakes, and wheel bearings, similar to risks in motorized chassis.
While engine area fires remain a concern in motorized RVs (Class A, B, C), accounting for (26.2% of fires from 2018-2020), the overall statistics point decisively towards the habitation systems as the dominant factor when considering the total number of incidents across all RV types. Other significant origin areas identified include cooking areas (7.7%), passenger areas (9.1%), and general vehicle exterior/other areas. This highlights the need for comprehensive safety attention beyond just the vehicle's powertrain.
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Why Do RV Fires Happen?
RV fires rarely stem from a single, isolated cause. More often than not, they result from an interplay of factors on both New and Used Rv’s. Often there are issues involving the vehicle's manufacture, its maintenance history, and how it's operated by the owner. Understanding these contributing factors is key to effective prevention.
Manufacturing Issues: Design flaws, defects during assembly, or the use of substandard components can create inherent fire risks. These are the types of issues typically addressed by safety recalls issued by manufacturers or mandated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). A recall signifies a potential safety defect requiring a remedy, usually free of charge.
Wear and Tear / Lack of Maintenance: RVs endure significant vibration and environmental stress. Over time, electrical connections can loosen, propane hoses can degrade, appliance vents can become blocked, and wheel bearings can wear out if not regularly inspected and maintained. Neglecting routine upkeep allows potential hazards to develop unnoticed.
How RVs Are Used: Owner actions, often unintentional, play a critical role. This includes overloading electrical circuits with too many high-draw appliances, leaving cooking unattended, making improper aftermarket modifications (like adding solar or electrical outlets without proper knowledge), storing flammable materials incorrectly, or parking the RV over combustible materials like tall, dry grass.
Battery type /Lack of proper charging and maintenance: LiFePO4 batteries are known for their high stability and resistance to thermal runaway, meaning they are less likely to overheat, catch fire, or explode, even under stress. This makes them a reliable and safer choice for RV use, especially in confined spaces.
Since there are numerous battery related fires I felt it essential to add a bit more on this.
WHICH BATTERIES ARE CONSIDERED SAFEST AND WHY?LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries are generally considered the safest for RVs compared to other types of lithium-ion batteries and traditional lead-acid or AGM batteries.
Flooded Lead-Acid (FLA): These are generally considered the least safe for RV interiors due to the mandatory venting of flammable hydrogen gas during charging and the risk of spilling corrosive acid.The significance of maintenance and user practices is underscored by USFA/FEMA data (2018-2020), which identified "Unintentional actions" as the leading known cause of ignition in RV fires (36.2%). Furthermore, a large percentage of fire causes were "Undetermined after investigation" (25.6%) or remained "Under investigation" (13.4%), often because the fire damage itself obscured the origin. While "Failure of equipment or heat source" was identified in 14.7% of cases (the area most directly addressed by recalls), the data strongly suggests that factors within the owner's control—maintenance diligence and safe operating habits—are critically important in preventing a large portion of RV fires. Relying solely on the recall system provides an incomplete safety picture.
AGM and Gel: While safer than FLA (sealed, no routine gassing, spill-proof) , they can still vent hydrogen gas under fault conditions like severe overcharging. Therefore, ventilation is still often recommended if installed inside living areas.Gel batteries are particularly sensitive to overcharging, which can damage them.Know Your Rig: Key Systems That Need Your Attention.
Sodium-Ion: This emerging technology shows promise for safety, potentially having lower thermal runaway risk than even LiFePO4. However, it is not yet a widely available or mature option for RVs, primarily due to lower energy density compared to LiFePO4. Certain systems within an RV are more frequently associated with fire risks due to their function and complexity. Familiarity with these areas helps owners focus their preventative efforts.
The RV Refrigerator (Especially Older Absorption Models)
Many RVs utilize absorption refrigerators because they can run on either propane or electricity, offering flexibility off-grid. These units work by heating a solution of ammonia, water, and hydrogen in a sealed cooling unit. However, this technology, particularly in certain older models, has been linked to significant fire risks.
Manufacturers like Norcold (now part of Thetford) and Dometic have issued numerous recalls over the years, some covering models produced from the late 1990s through approximately 2010. The core issue often involved potential fatigue failure in the cooling unit's boiler section, leading to cracks and leaks of the flammable refrigerant solution. If the unit continued to operate with a leak, the heat source could cause extreme temperatures, potentially rupturing the tubing and igniting the leaking hydrogen gas, leading to a dangerous fire.
The common remedy for these recalls was the installation of a high-temperature sensor kit (thermal switch). This device is designed to detect overheating (a symptom of a leak) and cut off all power to the refrigerator. It is crucial for owners to understand that this sensor kit does not fix the underlying potential for the cooling unit to leak. It acts as a secondary safety cutoff, intended to shut down the unit after a hazardous condition has likely already begun, often indicating the cooling unit itself is damaged beyond repair.
Owners of RVs, particularly those manufactured before the early 2010s, should verify if their refrigerator model was subject to a recall and ensure the fix was properly installed by an authorized technician. The presence of this kit signifies a known potential risk inherent in that unit's design, demanding ongoing vigilance. Operating a recalled unit without the kit, or attempting to bypass a tripped sensor, poses a severe fire hazard.
Electrical Gremlins (12-Volt and 120-Volt Systems)
RV electrical systems are complex hybrids, combining automotive-style 12V DC power (for lights, fans, water pump, etc.) with shore-power/generator-fed 120V AC power (for outlets, air conditioning, microwave, etc.). These systems endure constant road vibration, fluctuating power demands, and varying environmental conditions, making them susceptible to failures. Common electrical fire hazards include:
Loose Connections: Vibration is the enemy of tight electrical connections. Over time, wires can loosen at terminals, outlets, breakers, or junction boxes. A loose connection creates electrical resistance, generating heat that can melt insulation and ignite nearby materials.
Pinched or Rubbed Wires (Short Circuits): Wires routed improperly during manufacturing or disturbed by modifications or movement (like slide-outs) can become chafed or pinched. Damaged insulation can lead to short circuits, sparks, and fire, particularly in the 12V system. Recalls have cited risks from wires caught in seat mechanisms or contacting metal brackets.
Overloaded Circuits or Outlets: RVs have fewer circuits than a typical house. Plugging too many high-wattage appliances (portable heaters, coffee makers, hair dryers) into a single circuit or using undersized extension cords can overheat wiring and trip breakers – or worse, start a fire if the breaker fails or is improperly rated.
Battery System Issues: Poorly maintained battery terminals (corrosion, loose connections) or failures in charging components like converters (120V AC to 12V DC) or inverters (12V DC to 120V AC) can lead to overheating or electrical faults. Lithium battery systems require particularly careful installation and management.
Improper Modifications: Adding electrical components like solar panels, extra batteries, inverters, or outlets without adhering to proper wire gauges, circuit protection, and connection techniques can introduce serious fire risks.
The frequency of electrical issues cited in safety recalls across various RV types and price points – involving wiring harnesses, solar charging components, power distribution hubs, air conditioner components, and alternators – highlights this as a pervasive area requiring owner attention.
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Propane Pointers: Handle with Care
Propane (LP gas) fuels many essential RV appliances, including furnaces, water heaters, cooktops, and often refrigerators. While efficient, its flammable nature demands respect and careful handling. The primary danger is leaks. Escaped propane, being heavier than air, can accumulate in low areas and be ignited by an open flame (pilot light, stove burner) or even an electrical spark. Key propane system hazards include:
Leaks from Fittings, Hoses, and Regulators: Vibration can loosen threaded fittings over time. Rubber hoses degrade with age and exposure, developing cracks. Regulators, which control gas pressure, can malfunction. Regular inspection and leak testing are vital.
Appliance Malfunctions: Internal failures within propane appliances can lead to gas leaks or incomplete combustion. Recalls have involved cooktops with internal tube fractures leaking gas and furnaces installed improperly near combustible materials.
Tank and Line Issues: Improperly secured propane tanks or lines can be damaged during travel, leading to leaks. Recalls have addressed failing tank mounting brackets and vulnerable LP line routing.
A functional, non-expired propane detector installed near the floor is a critical safety device. Regular visual inspection of lines and hoses, periodic leak testing of connections (using soapy water solution – bubbles indicate a leak), and replacing hoses and regulators according to manufacturer recommendations are essential maintenance tasks.
On the Move: Engine, Tires, Brakes & Bearings
The systems that get an RV down the road – the engine and chassis for motorized RVs, and the running gear (axles, wheels, tires, brakes) for both motorized and towable RVs – present distinct fire risks. As noted earlier, the "Engine area, running gear, wheel area" is the most common single origin point for RV fires according to USFA/FEMA data. Common hazards include:
Fluid Leaks (Motorized RVs): Engine oil, transmission fluid, power steering fluid, brake fluid, or fuel (gasoline/diesel) leaking onto hot engine components (exhaust manifolds, turbochargers) can easily ignite. Recalls related to fuel filter hose failures exemplify this danger.
Overheating Wheels: This is a risk for all RVs. Dragging brakes generate immense heat. Underinflated or overloaded tires flex excessively, build up heat, and can lead to blowouts that may involve sparks or ignite tire debris. Failed wheel bearings (due to lack of lubrication or wear) can also overheat dramatically, potentially igniting grease or nearby materials. Recalls have addressed improperly tightened wheel bearing nuts causing overheating.
Hot Exhaust Systems: Exhaust pipes and catalytic converters operate at extremely high temperatures. Parking an RV over tall, dry grass or other flammable debris can lead to ignition. Components like propane tanks or wiring routed too close to exhaust parts can also overheat dangerously.
Regular maintenance is the best defense. This includes inspecting the engine compartment for fluid leaks, checking tire pressure (adjusted for load) and condition before every trip, performing routine brake inspections, and servicing wheel bearings as recommended by the manufacturer. Being mindful of parking surfaces is also crucial.
RV Brands, Recalls, and What Really Matters
When researching RVs, potential buyers often look at safety records and recalls. Analysis of NHTSA recall data from 2017-2025 shows that fire-related safety campaigns occur across all segments of the market, from entry-level towables to high-end luxury motorhomes.
Major manufacturing groups like
Thor Industries (encompassing brands like Thor Motor Coach
Keystone
Jayco
Airstream
Entegra
Dutchmen, etc.)
Forest River Inc. (including Coachmen, Palomino, Shasta, Prime Time, etc.)
Winnebago Industries (Winnebago, Grand Design, Newmar) frequently appear in recall reports.
The BIG 4 RV FAMILY TREE - MFG Locations
·
In this publication we will be covering the BIG 4 RV Companies.
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It's important to understand that this frequency often correlates directly with their massive market share and the sheer volume of RVs they produce. A higher number of recalls issued by a large manufacturer does not automatically mean their vehicles have a higher defect rate per unit compared to smaller manufacturers. It reflects the scale of their operations, wider exposure to potential supplier component issues, and potentially more proactive reporting systems.
Recalls across various brands and price points consistently address vulnerabilities in:
Electrical Systems: Wiring installation/protection, component failures (AC units, solar controllers), battery cable issues.
Propane/Fuel Systems: Leaks from lines, tanks, filters, regulators, or appliances (cooktops, furnaces).
Chassis/Component Issues: Fuel line routing, wheel bearing assembly, placement of components near heat sources (LP tanks near exhaust, generator heat shields).
The crucial takeaway for consumers is not necessarily to judge a brand solely on the number of recalls, but to understand that potential risks exist across the industry.
A recall indicates the manufacturer has identified a potential safety issue and is offering a remedy. The most effective action an owner or potential buyer can take is to check if a specific RV, identified by its unique Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), has any outstanding (uncompleted) safety recalls. This is easily done online.
Your RV Fire Safety Toolkit: Gear Up for Peace of Mind
Equipping an RV with the right safety devices is non-negotiable. These tools provide early warning and a first line of defense in a fire emergency.
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Must-Have Alarms: Your Early Warning System
Working alarms are essential for alerting occupants to danger, especially when sleeping. Every RV should have:
Smoke Detectors: Install near sleeping areas and in the main living space. Test before every trip by pressing the test button. Replace batteries at least annually, or opt for units with 10-year sealed batteries. Remember that many fatal RV fires involve missing or non-functional smoke detectors.
Propane (LP) Gas Detector: Crucial for sensing leaks, as propane is heavier than air and collects near the floor. Install low to the ground (per manufacturer instructions). Test regularly. Critically, these detectors have a limited lifespan and must be replaced by the expiration date printed on the unit (typically 5-7 years). An expired detector may not function correctly in an emergency.
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detector: CO is an invisible, odorless, deadly gas produced by incomplete combustion of fuels (propane from the furnace, water heater, stove; gasoline/diesel from the engine or generator). Install according to manufacturer guidelines, test regularly, and replace batteries or the entire unit based on its expiration date.
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Fire Extinguishers: Your First Response Tool
Readily accessible and appropriate fire extinguishers are vital. Standard recommendations suggest having at least three:
One in the kitchen/galley area.
One in the bedroom/sleeping area.
One accessible from the outside (e.g., in an unlocked storage compartment or the tow vehicle).
Ensure extinguishers are rated ABC, meaning they are suitable for:
Class A: Combustibles like wood, paper, trash.
Class B: Flammable liquids like grease, gasoline, oil.
Class C: Electrical fires.
All adult occupants should know the locations of the extinguishers and how to operate them using the P.A.S.S. method:
Pull the pin.
Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
Squeeze the lever smoothly.
Sweep the nozzle from side to side.
Check the pressure gauge on each extinguisher monthly (the needle should be in the green zone). Replace any extinguisher that has been used, has a low reading, or is past its expiration date. Be aware that fire extinguishers themselves can be subject to recalls (like a major Kidde recall involving plastic handles/buttons); verify that installed equipment is functional and reliable.
Smart Habits for Safe Travels: Your Action Plan
Beyond equipment, proactive maintenance and safe operating practices are the cornerstones of RV fire prevention.
Quick Checks Before You Roll & At Camp
Integrating simple checks into the RV routine can catch potential problems early. Consider this checklist as a starting point; always refer to specific manufacturer manuals for detailed recommendations.
Table 1: Your Quick RV Safety Check Routine
Check Tire Pressures (cold)Before Each Trip - set according to the season.
Inflate your tires to specs for RV's loaded weight.
Visually inspect the condition (tread, sidewalls)Before Each TripLook for cuts, bulges, cracks, uneven wear.
If you are unsure and need an in depth direction, please look at our own article shown below. It says for 5th wheel but is a great guide overall and give you food for thought you might not otherwise have come to on your own.
Inflate your tires to specs for RV's loaded weight.
Visually inspect the condition (tread, sidewalls)Before Each TripLook for cuts, bulges, cracks, uneven wear.
Propane (LP)
Visual check of lines/hosesPeriodicallyLook for cracks, damage, wear near fittings.
Leak test (soapy water on connections)semi-annually / annually, bubbles mean a leak! Turn off gas, get it repaired.
Detector Test Before Each Trip & Press test button. Check expiry date.
Electrical
Check power cord & plug before each trip
Check for damage, melted plastic, bent prongs. Ensure a tight fit.
Check terminals and monthly check for corrosion & ensure connections are tight.
Check visible wiring (where accessible)
Check annually / semi-annually & look for chafing, pinching, especially near moving parts (slides).
Check detectors, test (Smoke, CO) & before each tripPress test buttons. Replace batteries/units as needed.
Engine/Chassis
Check fluid levels & leaks (motorized)before each trip
Check oil, coolant, etc. & look underneath for drips.
Check wheel areas (all RVs) periodically / after drivng
Check hubs for excessive heat (use caution).
Listen for bearing noise.
Check brakes annually / and or Per Schedule
Inspect wear, check fluid (if applicable).
Check wheel bearings (towables/trailers) annually / per Schedule
Follow manufacturer guidance for inspection/lubrication/repacking.
Appliances
Check refrigerator vents annually to ensure clear airflow; check for obstructions (insect nests).
Check furnace & water heater vents/exhausts and annually clear obstructions, check for soot.
Safety Gear
Check Fire extinguisher gauge monthly & ensure needle is in the green zone.
Check accessibility. Emergency ExitsBefore Each Trip to Ensure they open smoothly. All occupants should know how to use them.
(Note: This table provides general guidelines. Always consult the RV and component manufacturers' manuals for specific maintenance schedules and procedures.)
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Safe RV Living Day-to-Day
How an RV is used daily significantly impacts fire safety:
While Driving: Secure loose items inside. It is strongly recommended to turn propane off at the tanks while the RV is in motion to prevent gas flow in case of an accident or system damage. Visually inspect tires at every stop.
Parking/At the Campsite: Level the RV – absorption refrigerators need to be level to function correctly and avoid overheating. Use the correct amperage shore power cord and avoid overloading circuits by managing the use of high-draw appliances simultaneously. Keep the area around the RV clear of flammable materials like dry leaves or grass, especially near exhaust pipes and appliance vents. Maintain a safe distance from campfires and grills. Ensure generator exhaust is directed away from the RV and neighbors.
Cooking: Never leave cooking unattended, even for a moment. Keep flammable items (paper towels, curtains, potholders) away from the stove. Have an appropriate fire extinguisher readily accessible.
Refueling: Before entering a fuel station, turn off the RV engine, the generator, and ALL propane appliances(including pilot lights for water heaters or refrigerators).
Super Simple Recall Check:
Safety recalls are issued to correct potential defects. While manufacturers are required to notify owners, mail can get lost, especially for subsequent owners of used RVs. Proactively checking for recalls is a crucial safety step. The most reliable way to do this is using the RV's unique Vehicle Identification Number (VIN).
Here’s how to check for open (uncompleted) recalls on a specific RV:
Find the 17-digit VIN: Look on the driver's side dashboard (visible through the windshield), the sticker on the driver's side doorjamb, vehicle registration, or insurance documents.
Go to the official NHTSA website: NHTSA.gov/recalls
Enter the VIN: Type the full 17-digit VIN into the search tool.
Review the Results: The site will show any incomplete safety recalls associated with that specific VIN for the past 15 years. It will also show recalls for which a remedy is not yet available.
NHTSA also offers a free Safer Car app for mobile devices that can provide alerts for recalls affecting vehicles entered into the app. Checking the VIN periodically, and especially before purchasing a used RV, should be part of every owner's safety routine.
Hit the Road Safely!
RV fires, while serious, are often preventable. The journey to safe RVing involves understanding the potential risks inherent in these complex vehicles – particularly concerning the electrical system, propane appliances, absorption refrigerators, and chassis components. It requires equipping the RV with essential, functional safety gear like smoke, propane, and CO detectors, along with appropriate fire extinguishers.
Safety relies on the owner's commitment to ongoing diligence: performing regular maintenance checks, practicing safe operating habits day-to-day, and staying informed about potential safety recalls affecting their specific unit by using the NHTSA VIN lookup tool.
Fire safety is a shared responsibility between manufacturers, who must design and build safe products and address defects transparently, and owners, who must prioritize maintenance and safe use. By embracing this responsibility and taking proactive steps, RV owners can significantly mitigate the risk of fire, allowing them to focus on the adventure, freedom, and enjoyment that make RV travel so special. Safe travels!
#RVSafety #FireSafety #RVFire #RVMaintenance #RVInspection #NHTSA #FirePrevention #RVLife #FullTimeRV #GoRVing #RVTips #RVLiving #SafeTravels #RVMods #PropaneSafety #ElectricalSafety #LiFePO4 #RVHacks #RoadTrip #TravelTrailer #5thWheel #Motorhome #RVFamily #WolfTrekRVStuff
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